Propranolol

For an informed discussion with your doctor or pharmacist. This information collection is not a clinically validated interaction checker. Missing data do not establish safety. Do not change or stop prescribed medicines on the basis of this information. The findings apply to the specific conditions studied; laboratory and animal studies cannot be directly extrapolated to humans.

Active substance: Propranolol

Examples of brand names: Dociton [DE]

ATC code: C07AA05

Main use (for orientation): Cardiac conditions; tremor

Documented research summary

Small historical human experiments show that propranolol can attenuate acute cardiovascular THC effects; this is a pharmacodynamic interaction, not evidence of altered THC/propranolol concentrations. Cognitive effects persist depending on protocol. CBD–propranolol findings are predominantly preclinical; a 2026 CBD single case with extensive polytherapy does not isolate the pair effect. No self-treatment or blanket safety conclusion.

Uncertainties and limitations

HEMANGEOL is a paediatric haemangioma solution. Only qualitative interaction details from section 7, explicitly derived from adult data, used here; adult pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics from a separate UK single-ingredient SmPC. No extrapolation of infant dose/pharmacokinetics.

Shared enzymes must not be equated with clinical evidence of an interaction; CBD/THC findings cannot be extrapolated to other cannabinoids.

Historical experiments very small; possible participant overlap between Benowitz/Bachman reports (PMID428189/108734). Do not count as independent large replications.

PMID28604421 (cannabinoid-hyperemesis case), PMID4557583 and PMID4757849 bibliographically identified, but no accessible abstract/full-text findings evaluated. Therefore no outcome claims from titles.

Separately recorded findings

8 separately recorded findings. Each statement applies to its documented study context.

THC – clinically investigated

Finding ID: B0266

Type of result: Clinical experimental

Observation: THC-induced heart-rate increase attenuated; combined atropine–propranolol blockade largely suppressed it.

Mechanism: Beta-adrenergic blockade of acute autonomic THC effects

Study type: Small acute human experiments

Context studied: PMID428189 and 108734 each four volunteers, possibly overlapping; PMID484957 ten healthy people, propranolol plus atropine. Intravenous THC.

Clinical interpretation: Direct pharmacodynamic finding, not a pharmacokinetic interaction

Limitations and uncertainties: Do not attribute combined blockade completely to propranolol alone; intoxication/EEG effects persisted in the Bachman experiment; no treatment recommendation.

Original sources for this finding: Cardiovascular effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: autonomic nervous mechanisms. [BMED428189]; Dissociation of autonomic and cognitive effects of THC in man. [BMED108734]; Lack of cardiovascular effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in chemically denervated men. [BMED484957]

THC-containing cannabis (smoked) – clinically investigated

Finding ID: B0267

Type of result: Clinical experimental

Observation: Cardiovascular effects and learning impairment attenuated in the test investigated.

Mechanism: Pharmacodynamic beta blockade during smoked cannabis exposure

Study type: Six healthy experienced cannabis users

Context studied: Oral propranolol 120 mg before cannabis smoke containing Delta9-THC 10 mg; separate and combined conditions.

Clinical interpretation: Direct small pharmacodynamic experiment

Limitations and uncertainties: Historical high experimental dose is not dosage instructions. No concentration measurement in the abstract; a learning-test finding is not complete reversal of intoxication.

Original sources for this finding: Propranolol effects on acute marihuana intoxication in man. [BMED403557]

Cannabis smoke, composition not standardised – clinically investigated

Finding ID: B0268

Type of result: Clinical experimental

Observation: Propranolol prevented the enhanced hypercapnic ventilatory response, not all other respiratory/metabolic changes.

Mechanism: Beta-mediated ventilatory CO2 response

Study type: Placebo-controlled human experiment, eight people

Context studied: Cannabis smoke increased ventilation, metabolic rate and CO2 response; propranolol pretreatment.

Clinical interpretation: Physiological pharmacodynamic finding

Limitations and uncertainties: Not evidence of respiratory safety in ill patients or standardised individual-cannabinoid pharmacokinetics.

Original sources for this finding: The effects of smoked marijuana on metabolism and respiratory control. [BMED367234]

CBD – laboratory and animal studies

Finding ID: B0269

Type of result: Preclinical

Observation: Propranolol blocked CBD-induced tachycardia and reduced the systolic-pressure increase, not the diastolic-pressure decrease.

Mechanism: Blockade of adrenergic cardiovascular CBD effects in an animal model

Study type: Pithed/vagotomised WKY/SHR rats, some adrenalectomised

Context studied: CBD 1/3/10 mg/kg intravenously; propranolol 0.3 mg/kg intravenously five minutes before the second CBD series, usually 5–6 animals/group. Conscious rats with CBD 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally showed no significant cardiovascular change.

Clinical interpretation: Mechanistic animal experiment, not a clinical interaction prediction

Limitations and uncertainties: CNS disabled, different route and high exposure; not transferable to oral CBD products and humans.

Original sources for this finding: Cannabidiol Affects the Bezold-Jarisch Reflex via TRPV1 and 5-HT3 Receptors and Has Peripheral Sympathomimetic Effects in Spontaneously Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats. [BMED31178718]

CBD – clinical signals

Finding ID: B0270

Type of result: Case report

Observation: Episodes decreased after adding CBD; no observed haemodynamic problem in the single case.

Mechanism: Non-isolated concomitant therapy for sympathetic hyperactivity after traumatic brain injury

Study type: 2026 single case with extensive polytherapy

Context studied: 44-year-old patient receiving, among others, propranolol 15 mg three times daily, baclofen, bromocriptine, gabapentin, clonidine, dexmedetomidine and fentanyl; additional CBD oil through a gastric tube.

Clinical interpretation: Co-use, not a proven pair interaction

Limitations and uncertainties: Temporal course and multiple therapies; neither propranolol concentrations nor isolated pair comparison. No general efficacy/safety claim.

Original sources for this finding: Cannabidiol as an adjunct in refractory paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity following severe traumatic brain injury: a case report. [CA_P_42366387]

THC – laboratory and animal studies

Finding ID: B0271

Type of result: Preclinical

Observation: Propranolol reduced THC-induced conditioned gaping.

Mechanism: Beta blockade in a conditioned-nausea model

Study type: Rat experiment

Context studied: THC 10 mg/kg, propranolol pretreatment 2.5/5 mg/kg.

Clinical interpretation: No clinical cannabinoid-hyperemesis treatment recommendation

Limitations and uncertainties: Animal behavioural model, not human pharmacokinetics or clinical benefit confirmation.

Original sources for this finding: Role of the stress response and the endocannabinoid system in Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced nausea. [BMED32399633]

THC – laboratory and animal studies

Finding ID: B0272

Type of result: Preclinical

Observation: Different, partly negative interactions depending on physiological endpoint.

Mechanism: Endpoint-specific adrenergic modulation

Study type: Historical animal/cell experiments

Context studied: High-dose propranolol attenuated THC-induced LH suppression in a rat model; arachidonic-acid release in mouse cells partly reduced; bradycardia in isolated rat hearts and THC discrimination cue not reversed. Canine cardiovascular effects depended on anaesthesia. Eye experiment: partial inhibition of THC-induced pressure decrease, species not stated in abstract.

Clinical interpretation: Laboratory findings, not a general interaction prediction

Limitations and uncertainties: Do not use as a fertility, eye-treatment or antiarrhythmic recommendation; different models/exposures, no shared quantitative human risk estimate.

Original sources for this finding: Inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion by delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the ovariectomized rat: effect of pretreatment with neurotransmitter or neuropeptide receptor antagonists. [BMED10503726]; Phospholipase participation in cannabinoid-induced release of free arachidonic acid. [BMED7945419]; The lack of beta-adrenoceptor involvement in the cardiac action of delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats. [BMED6247111]; Stimulus effects of delta(9)-THC and its interaction with naltrexone and catecholamine blockers in rats. [BMED200967]; Influence of several anesthetic agents on the effect of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the heart rate and blood pressure of the mongrel dog. [BMED885163]; Interaction of adrenergic antagonists with prostaglandin E2 and tetrahydrocannabinol in the eye. [BMED1356]

Cannabis extract/resin, not isolated THC – laboratory and animal studies

Finding ID: B0273

Type of result: Preclinical

Observation: Resin-induced rat hypothermia blocked by propranolol; extract-related prolongation of pentobarbital effects in mice not blocked.

Mechanism: Endpoint-specific pharmacodynamic modulation

Study type: Historical animal experiments

Context studied: Cannabis resin described as containing 17% THC in one experiment; not a standardised individual-substance pair.

Clinical interpretation: Experimental model only

Limitations and uncertainties: Not a clinical prediction for THC or other cannabinoids; assess negative and positive endpoints separately.

Original sources for this finding: Role of catecholamines in the hypothermic activity of cannabis in albino rats. [BMED826962]; Interaction of cannabis and general anaesthetic agents in mice. [BMED4280927]

References and access status

[BEWEB_PROP] Propranolol 40 mg film-coated tablets – SmPC

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Ipca Laboratories UK Ltd

Year: 2025

Source type: Official UK product information/emc

Source access – 23 October 2026: Source destination was accessible when checked.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

[V2_LABEL_D0196] HEMANGEOL (PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE) SOLUTION [ETON PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.]

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Year: 2026

Source type: Official US SPL / DailyMed

Source access – 23 October 2026: Source destination was accessible when checked.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

[CA_P_42366387] Cannabidiol as an adjunct in refractory paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity following severe traumatic brain injury: a case report.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Swamiyappan SS, Reddy JK, Ramesh R, Sivaji H, Visvesvaran V.

Year: 2026

Source type: Journal Article; Case Reports; case-report

DOI: 10.1186/s13256-026-06284-5

PMID: 42366387

Source access – 23 October 2026: Source destination was accessible when checked.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

[BMED32399633] Role of the stress response and the endocannabinoid system in Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced nausea.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: DeVuono MV, La Caprara O, Sullivan MT, Bath A, Petrie GN, Limebeer CL, Rock EM, Hill MN, Parker LA.

Year: 2020

Source type: Publication; title and abstract reviewed

DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05529-5

PMID: 32399633

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

[BMED31178718] Cannabidiol Affects the Bezold-Jarisch Reflex via TRPV1 and 5-HT3 Receptors and Has Peripheral Sympathomimetic Effects in Spontaneously Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Kossakowski R, Schlicker E, Toczek M, Weresa J, Malinowska B.

Year: 2019

Source type: Preclinical primary study; full-text sections assessed

DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00500

PMID: 31178718

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

PubMed Central – archived text

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

[BMED10503726] Inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion by delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the ovariectomized rat: effect of pretreatment with neurotransmitter or neuropeptide receptor antagonists.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Murphy LL, Adrian BA, Kohli M.

Year: 1999

Source type: Publication; title and abstract reviewed

DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(99)00050-1

PMID: 10503726

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

[BMED7945419] Phospholipase participation in cannabinoid-induced release of free arachidonic acid.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Burstein S, Budrow J, Debatis M, Hunter SA, Subramanian A.

Year: 1994

Source type: Publication; title and abstract reviewed

DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(94)90163-5

PMID: 7945419

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

[BMED6247111] The lack of beta-adrenoceptor involvement in the cardiac action of delta 1-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Li DM.

Year: 1980

Source type: Publication; title and abstract reviewed

DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1979.tb00727.x

PMID: 6247111

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

[BMED428189] Cardiovascular effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: autonomic nervous mechanisms.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Benowitz NL, Rosenberg J, Rogers W, Bachman J, Jones RT.

Year: 1979

Source type: Publication; title and abstract reviewed

DOI: 10.1002/cpt1979254440

PMID: 428189

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

[BMED837652] Prolonged delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol ingestion. Effects of sympathomimetic amines and autonomic blockades.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Benowitz NL, Jones RT.

Year: 1977

Source type: Publication; title and abstract reviewed

DOI: 10.1002/cpt1977213336

PMID: 837652

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

[BMED484957] Lack of cardiovascular effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in chemically denervated men.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Kanakis C, Pouget M, Rosen KM.

Year: 1979

Source type: Publication; title and abstract reviewed

DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-91-4-571

PMID: 484957

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

[BMED200967] Stimulus effects of delta(9)-THC and its interaction with naltrexone and catecholamine blockers in rats.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Järbe TU, Ohlin GC.

Year: 1977

Source type: Publication; title and abstract reviewed

DOI: 10.1007/bf00426779

PMID: 200967

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

[BMED403557] Propranolol effects on acute marihuana intoxication in man.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Sulkowski A, Vachon L, Rich ES.

Year: 1977

Source type: Publication; title and abstract reviewed

DOI: 10.1007/bf00426599

PMID: 403557

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

[BMED108734] Dissociation of autonomic and cognitive effects of THC in man.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Bachman JA, Benowitz NL, Herning RI, Jones RT.

Year: 1979

Source type: Publication; title and abstract reviewed

DOI: 10.1007/bf00426733

PMID: 108734

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

[BMED885163] Influence of several anesthetic agents on the effect of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the heart rate and blood pressure of the mongrel dog.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Jandhyala BS, Buckley JP.

Year: 1977

Source type: Publication; title and abstract reviewed

DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(77)90110-8

PMID: 885163

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

[BMED1356] Interaction of adrenergic antagonists with prostaglandin E2 and tetrahydrocannabinol in the eye.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Green K, Kim K.

Year: 1976

Source type: Publication; title and abstract reviewed

PMID: 1356

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

[BMED4280927] Interaction of cannabis and general anaesthetic agents in mice.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Chesher GB, Jackson DM, Starmer GA.

Year: 1974

Source type: Publication; title and abstract reviewed

DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb08594.x

PMID: 4280927

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

PubMed Central – archived text

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

[BMED826962] Role of catecholamines in the hypothermic activity of cannabis in albino rats.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Singh PP, Das PK.

Year: 1976

Source type: Publication; title and abstract reviewed

DOI: 10.1007/bf00430493

PMID: 826962

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

[BMED367234] The effects of smoked marijuana on metabolism and respiratory control.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Zwillich CW, Doekel R, Hammill S, Weil JV.

Year: 1978

Source type: Publication; title and abstract reviewed

DOI: 10.1164/arrd.1978.118.5.885

PMID: 367234

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

DOI – publisher access (access restrictions may apply)

Research as of 23 October 2026. Not all original full texts could be reviewed in full. Source accessibility and the strength of scientific evidence must be assessed separately. An accessible link does not establish medical approval; a bibliographic record with an abstract does not replace the original full text.

Drug search and explanation of the evidence · Guide: cannabinoids and medicines · Author and responsibility