Formoterol

For an informed discussion with your doctor or pharmacist. This information collection is not a clinically validated interaction checker. Missing data do not establish safety. Do not change or stop prescribed medicines on the basis of this information. The findings apply to the specific conditions studied; laboratory and animal studies cannot be directly extrapolated to humans.

Active substance: Formoterol

Examples of brand names: Oxis [DE]

ATC code: R03AC13

Main use (for orientation): Asthma; COPD

Documented research summary

A Calu-3 cell study examined formoterol together with budesonide against cannabis smoke extract: partial inhibition of inflammation, increased CXCL10 suppression and persistent oxidative stress signals. Not an isolated formoterol or individual cannabinoid effect.

Uncertainties and limitations

The plant material's THCA percentage does not describe the composition actually inhaled or combusted. A cell finding does not establish clinical safety or efficacy. Missing data do not establish safety.

Separately recorded findings

1 separately recorded finding. Each statement applies to its documented study context.

Cannabis smoke mixture; no attribution to an isolated cannabinoid – laboratory and animal studies

Finding ID: B0459

Type of result: Pharmacodynamics; mixture and combination-medicine context

Observation: Some inflammatory markers decreased, CXCL10 suppression increased; the oxidative stress response was not fully prevented.

Mechanism: Formoterol plus budesonide modulated the inflammatory response to cannabis smoke extract

Study type: Calu-3 airway epithelial cell experiment

Context studied: 24 h, 10% smoke extract; formoterol 10 nM plus budesonide 100 nM; four biological replicates.

Clinical interpretation: Preclinical mixture finding; no claim of protection against cannabis smoke.

Limitations and uncertainties: Formoterol was not isolated, and cannabis smoke was not pure THC/CBD. Analysis of the plant before combustion does not allow the extract's effect to be attributed to THCA. Not a clinical interaction or safety study.

Original sources for this finding: Effect of long-acting β-agonists/glucocorticoids on human airway epithelial cell cytokine, transcriptomic and oxidative stress responses to cannabis smoke. [VE_MED_31984210]

References and access status

[VE_LABEL_D0336] FORMOTEROL FUMARATE (FORMOTEROL FUMARATE DIHYDRATE) SOLUTION [LIFESTAR PHARMA LLC]

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Respective marketing authorisation holder; regulatory product information

Year: 2026

Source type: Product information / SmPC / US Prescribing Information

Source access – 23 October 2026: Source destination was accessible when checked.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

[VE_MED_31984210] Effect of long-acting β-agonists/glucocorticoids on human airway epithelial cell cytokine, transcriptomic and oxidative stress responses to cannabis smoke.

Original source / bibliographic reference

Authors: Huff RD, Aguiar JA, Tse W, Stämpfli MR, McConkey BJ, Doxey AC, Hirota JA.

Year: 2020

Source type: letter; Journal Article

DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00265-2019

PMID: 31984210

Source access – 23 October 2026: Automated direct retrieval was restricted; this does not establish that the link is broken.

Bibliographic attribution or source identity cross-checked.

PubMed – bibliographic reference / abstract

PubMed Central – full-text access according to the literature database – Archive attribution confirmed by Europe PMC metadata. Direct retrieval was not fully verified here; access may require a browser check.

Europe PMC – full-text access according to the literature database – Listed as freely available HTML full text in the official Europe PMC metadata. Direct retrieval was not fully verified here.

Research as of 23 October 2026. Not all original full texts could be reviewed in full. Source accessibility and the strength of scientific evidence must be assessed separately. An accessible link does not establish medical approval; a bibliographic record with an abstract does not replace the original full text.

Drug search and explanation of the evidence · Guide: cannabinoids and medicines · Author and responsibility